What are E numbers?

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E numbers are codes for food additives approved for use across the EU and EFTA. Every E number is authorised under EU Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 — the E stands for Europe. The number’s range tells you the additive’s job: for example E100s are colours and E200s are preservatives.

An E number is a shorthand for a food additive that has been assessed and authorised for use in the European Union. Manufacturers may list an additive by its name, its E number, or both. The code itself only tells you two things: that the additive is EU-approved, and — from its range — what function it performs.

The main ranges are:

E100–E199	Colours
E200–E299	Preservatives
E300–E399	Antioxidants & acidity regulators
E400–E499	Thickeners, stabilisers, gelling agents & emulsifiers
E500–E599	Acidity regulators & anti-caking agents
E600–E699	Flavour enhancers
E900–E999	Glazing agents, gases & sweeteners
E1000+	Additional additives

Whether an additive may be used, in which foods, and at what levels is decided by EFSA and set out in EU law. For the authoritative status of any additive, check the EU food additives database. ProductGuru summarises this information for reference only and does not give dietary or safety advice.

FAQ

Does an E number mean a product is unhealthy?

No. An E number only means an additive is approved for use in the EU. Which additives may be used, and how, is decided by EFSA and set out in EU law — see the official EU food additives database.

What does the 'E' in E numbers stand for?

Europe. The codes come from the EU’s harmonised system for authorising food additives.

ProductGuru is an independent information service and provides no legal or safety guarantees; for official product data consult GS1 and the manufacturer. Free to cite with attribution.